ๅ ใฏ็ฒๅญ๏ผๅ ๅญ๏ผใจใใฆใๆฏใ่ใใ้ๅ้ใๆใฃใฆใใพใใใ ใใๅ ใ็ฉไฝใซใถใคใใใจใ็ฉไฝใซ้ๅ้ใไผใใฆๆผใๅใซใชใใพใใใใใๅ ใฎๅงๅ๏ผๆพๅฐๅง๏ผใ
ๅ ๅญ1ๅใฎ้ๅ้ใฏ \(p = h\nu/c = h/\lambda\)ใ็ฉไฝใๅ ใๅฎๅ จๅๅฐใใใจ้ๅ้ๅคๅใฏ \(2p\)๏ผๅพๅพฉๅ๏ผใๅฎๅ จๅธๅใชใ \(p\)ใใใใซๅไฝๆ้ใใใใฎๅ ๅญๆฐใๆใใใจๅใซใชใใพใใ
ๅ ใ็ฉไฝใซไธใใๅ๏ผๅงๅ ร ้ข็ฉ๏ผใๅ ใฎใใฏใผ \(P\) ใใใฎๅฐๅบใๅๅฐใจๅธๅใงๅใ้ใใใจใฎ็ขบ่ชใ
ๅๅฐใฎๅ ดๅใฏ้ๅ้ใ \(+p\) ใใ \(-p\) ใซๅคใใใฎใงๅคๅ้ใฏ \(2p\)ใใใใๅฟใใใจๅธๅใจๅใๅผใซใชใใๅๅใฎๅคใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใๅ ใๅ็ดใซๅฝใใใใจใๅๆ๏ผๆใใชใ \(\cos\theta\) ใๆใใ๏ผใ